Articles
DNS issues can be confusing since symptoms often appear elsewhere (a "site not found" error...
DNS Fundamentals: A, AAAA, CNAME, MX, TXT & NS Records ExplainedDNS translates human-readable domain names into the information servers actually need — IP...
How to Block Countries/IP Ranges at the Firewall LevelFor services with a clearly defined legitimate audience, blocking traffic from entire countries...
How to Configure MX Records for Email DeliveryMX (Mail Exchange) records tell the internet which servers handle incoming email for your domain....
How to Configure Multiple Network Interfaces on a VPSSome VPS configurations include multiple network interfaces — for example, a public-facing...
How to Configure Split-Horizon DNSSplit-horizon DNS returns different answers for the same domain depending on where the query...
How to Configure a Static IP on a Linux VPSMost VPS providers assign a static (unchanging) IP address by default, but understanding how...
How to Migrate DNS to a New Provider Without DowntimeMoving your domain's DNS management to a new provider — whether for better tooling,...
How to Point a Domain to Your VPS (A/AAAA Records)Before your website is reachable at yourdomain.com instead of a raw IP address, you need to...
How to Set Up DNS Load Balancing and FailoverDNS-level load balancing and failover distribute traffic across multiple servers or automatically...
How to Set Up DNSSEC for Your DomainDNSSEC adds cryptographic authentication to DNS responses, protecting against DNS spoofing and...
How to Set Up Port Forwarding on a Linux VPSPort forwarding redirects traffic arriving on one port to a different port or internal address...
How to Set Up a CDN in Front of Your VPSA Content Delivery Network (CDN) caches your site's static content across globally distributed...
How to Set Up a DNS-Based Ad Blocker (Pi-hole) on a VPSPi-hole blocks ads and trackers network-wide by filtering DNS requests before they reach known...
How to Set Up a Private Network Between Multiple VPS InstancesWhen running multiple VPS instances that need to communicate (a web server and a separate...
How to Set Up a Secondary/Slave DNS ServerA secondary DNS server provides redundancy for your domain's DNS — if your primary...
How to Test Network Speed and Latency on a VPSUnderstanding your VPS's actual network performance helps diagnose slow application response...
How to Test and Verify Your DNS Configuration Is CorrectAfter making DNS changes, systematically verifying everything is correctly configured catches...
How to Use CNAME Records CorrectlyCNAME records let you alias one domain name to another, but they come with important restrictions...
How to Use dig and nslookup for DNS Troubleshootingdig and nslookup are the essential command-line tools for diagnosing DNS issues — this...
Understanding BGP and Anycast (Advanced Networking Concepts)BGP and Anycast are foundational to how large-scale internet infrastructure and CDNs operate....
Understanding DNS Propagation and TTLDNS changes don't take effect everywhere instantly — understanding propagation and TTL...
Understanding MTU and How It Affects Network PerformanceMaximum Transmission Unit (MTU) determines the largest packet size that can traverse a network...
Understanding NAT and How It Affects Your VPSNetwork Address Translation (NAT) is a fundamental networking concept affecting how devices...
Understanding Subnets and CIDR NotationCIDR notation appears throughout firewall rules, network configuration, and cloud provider...
Understanding iptables and nftables (Advanced Firewall Rules)UFW is a friendly front-end, but it's built on top of the Linux kernel's actual packet filtering...
WireGuard vs OpenVPN: Choosing a VPN ProtocolBoth WireGuard and OpenVPN are solid, widely-used VPN protocols, but they differ meaningfully in...